Medical & Laboratory

Medical & Laboratory About Us RIGHT SIZING: Right sizing of infrastructure such as mechanical and structural systems is key to long-term adaptability. Systems design should be fully integrated into the planning process at the earliest stages and utilize modular conceptsto allow future changes to occur with minimal disruption. Air systems, power, data and piped services such as lab gases and water must be planned to anticipate future requirements and minimize a ˮfatal flawˮ that could impede flexibility. The structural grid should pose minimal obstruction to work tasks. Floor-to-floor heights should permit space for routing future utilities for a range of scientific tasks , from wet chemistry and bioprocess experiments to physical/electrical and computational science. SPACE DISTRIBUTION: Providing appropriate space distribution of lab and non-lab functions is the outcome of a collaborative programming and planning process. And understanding of what is unique about each lab, combined with satisfying critical relationships and adjacencies, will produce a synergistic plan. Benchmarking of the similar facilities is important to gain insight from peer institutions. Building elements such as stairs and elevators, mechanical risers, and utility rooms should be positioned outside of the zones that require the most flexibility. The grouping of multiple labs to create neighborhoods with amenities can enhance team dynamics and foster interaction. The careful placement of like spaces such as offices, lab support and open labs can turn an average facility into an efficient working whole. LAB / OFFICE ZONING: The lab/office relationship is critical to maintaining the connectivity between the research bench and desk functions. There are several advantages to zoning offices and labs separately. First, costs and operational energy savings are realized. For example, unlike in the laboratory, office air can be circulated, making office systems easier to maintain for human comfort. Through proper zoning, lab flexibility is increased by limiting the potential obstacle of offices ˮinsideˮ the laboratory. The desired connectivity can be maintained between the lab and office zones by designing for proper proximities in conjunction with networked lab management system. CLEAR ORGANISATION: A laboratory’s design is the most successful when the purity of the modular concept is translated clearly and follows the tenant of ˮkeep it simple.ˮ Lab safety is increased with organized pathways for egress and materials handling, alcoves for fume hoods, and functional zones for efficient wet-bench work. A single corridor scheme with offices opposite the labs reinforces collab- oration. Ghost corridors provide a simple and efficient interconnection between labs and lab support while also serving the purpose of internal lab circulation. By organizing the lab with clear and distinctive concepts that are meaningful to the particular facility, the life expectancy of the lab and its ability to adapt to change are greatly extended. OPEN ENVIRONMENT: There are many advantages to an open laboratory environment, where contiguos modules form a generic lab zone. Open labs are less costly to construct due to fewer walls and material interfaces. They are inhelrently safer, providing occupants with a higher level of visual and udible knowledge of a potential threat or incident. Open labs are more easily assigned and reconfig- ures for people and processes, leading to shared opportunities for a variety of functions. More important is the potential for collaboration and interdisciplinary activities that occurs in the open lab environment. MODULAR DESIGN: The first nad the most fundamental concept of laboratory planning is the application of modular design. This approach main- tains the highest level of flexibility by allowing the functional requirements of the lab to influence the form – to design from the inside out. The modular approach provides interchangeability of spaces as well as opportunities for increased efficiency. SUSTAINABILITY: Truly adaptable laboratory space is inherently sustainable. Sustainable design strategies – including the use of day- lighting, energy-efficient building systems and sustainable materials – will assist in reducing the environmental impact while producing a building tha functions longer than its normal life expectancy. UNIVERSITY LUXEMBOURG CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SCIENCE CENTRAL RESEARCH LABORATORY ZIEL SIEMENS HEALTH CARE CIQ – CIRCLE FOR INTEGRATED QUALITY Equipments Medical Imaging Angiography: fits rooms as small as 29 square meters (less than 350 square feet), much less than the ACC recommended 45-55 sqm (500-600 sq ft.), due to a very small footprint. large detector offers excellent performance for an improved clinical workflow with a larger field of view. Computed Tomography: kidney-friendly scanning and low dose early detection. “free-breathing” CT imaging and the industry’s fastest, most versatile scan mode. 4D imaging at half the regular dose and precise Dual Energy quantification. Fluoroscopy: 2-in-1 remote-control system that offers the advantages of both digital fluoroscopy and radi- ography in one system. safer use with a 48 cm minimum table height and SmartTouch Sharper imaging with a 43 cm x 43 cm MAX dynamic detector and SmartView. stronger synergies with MAXswap and 2-in-1 efficiency in radiography and fluoroscopy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: comprehensive diagnostic picture in one scan. one exam instead of two helps productivity and reduces costs. unlock new medical applications and advance research. reduced radiation exposure for your patients compared to other imaging modalities. one fully integrated MR and PET system. Mammography Systems: up to 30% less dose and uncompromised image quality. greater comfort and relaxed patients. Molecular Imaging: intelligently reproducible quantification. finest volumetric image accuracy. minimum dose and maximum speed. engineered clinical flexibility. Radiography: smart move – one touch and the system moves to where you need it. smart touch – only on human touch, will the system move. smart view – one touch to get the image you need. brilliant imaging with a large 43 cm x 43 cm dynamic flat-panel detector. Surgical C-Arms and Navigation: optimize image quality and performance. maximize efficiency. enable a higher quality of care. Ultrasound: excellent image quality and workflow efficiency. advanced imaging technologies are standard features. portable solution anywhere, anytime. an ideal choice to be used throughout a facility, especially with space constraints. General Freezers: Designed for routine sample protection where laboratory space is limited. For academic research, industrial, biotech, non-regulated pharmaceutical and certain clinical labs. Laminar Flow Cabinets: The Class II safety cabinets HERAsafe™ KS convince with optimum product and personnel protection and user-orientated design. The frameless slanted window does not obscure the view of the work area. The front window design makes it easy to work in a relaxed posture. The large work aperture with a height of more than 250 mm ensures ease of handling. The eye-level display on the rear wall is unique. All parameters and operating functions can be conveniently monitored from a seated position. For the first time, all parameters are set by a remote control. For contamination prevention within the safe area the remote control can be used with a bag. Microscopes: This microscope utilizes a Galilean optical system to provide superior image accuracy at high resolutions. Offers video compatibility for image documentation and boom stand adaptability for precise positioning needs. Additionally, the SZX7 features an integrated click-stop mechanism to recall specific magnification settings. A variety of objective lenses and eyepieces are also available to provide superior image flatness to a wide range of specimens or applications, and to allow for imaging difficult to access samples. Incubators: The UV incubator UI 950 provides precise temperature control and uniformity for the incuba- tion of biological assays, fungal, bacterial cultures, eggs and other samples up to 68°C. The instrument is equipped with built-in overhead shortwave 254nm UV tubes for sterilization of the incubation chamber between experiments. By utilizing the germicidal properties of UV light eliminating viable fungi, bacteria and yeast cross contamination between experiments is prevented. Incubators: Models IF / IFplus with forced air circulation. IF 260 256l 640 x 500 x 800 mm 824 x 684 x 1186 mm Incubators I for applications in research, medicine, pharmaceutics and food technology. Organic chamber loads require gentle heating. For this reason, the heating and control system is especially optimised for low tempera- tures of up to + 80 °C. To prevent temperature overshoots, temperature is increased within a very narrow control range and kept exactly at the setpoint value. Hot Air Ovens: High temperature connectors on the rear of the appliance for single phase power connection acc. to country specific systems and IEC standards. Internal data logger with a storage capacity of at least 10 years. German, English, French, Spanish language settings available on the Control-COCKPIT. Vacuum Pumps: Typical applications of the membrane vacuum pumps are evacua- tion and transfer of air, gases and vapors. We recommend to use the pumps with our following products: Geldryers, Vacu-Blot, Dot Blot 96, Hybri·Dot 96, Hybri·Slot 24, The Convertible. In addition the pumps are suitable for rotary evaporation, vacuum filtration or vacuum distillation of solvents with high boiling point. Hot Plate Stirrers: For mass screenings, incubating or concentrating of probes, simple evaporation of solvents. Stirring hot plate with 15 stirring positions, universally applicable for different vessel sizes and shapes; for 15 x 250 ml beakers (high dimensional). PCR UV Hoods: PCR UV hoods use shortwave ultraviolet to control unwanted transfers of nucleic acids. The systems bring together UV irradiation, antimicrobial stainless steel and aluminum to create a dual attack environment against PCR contaminations. Low Temperature Freezers: UF V 500 ULTRA.GUARD™. The new ultra low temperature freezer ensures safe long-term storage of samples at -86°C. This ultra low temperature freezer is based on a multi-stage security concept, which offers everything that laboratory staff want from reliable operation to ease of use and system integration to the emergency exchange service! Food Titration Stations: Neutral background screen, designed with angled wings, which also protect against lateral glare, ensures precise determination of colour change at the end of titration. Carrying out titration under similar visual conditions achieves better accuracy and reproducibility of results. Precise positioning of Erlenmeyer flasks in the holder on the top of the magnetic stirrer. Compact Process Extraction Systems: Compact Process Extraction System for extracting and neutralising aggressive acid vapours, especially from quantification of nitrogen according to Kjeldahl. The acid vapours pass through two step neutraliser. It is fitted with a vacuum pump (40 l / min). No water connection is required. Double Beam Spectrophotometer: The generously sized sample compartment is ideal for the quick, easily repeatable addition of reagents and the fast replacement of samples and accessories, even during a measurement process. The light sources are pre-aligned, readily accessible and easily interchangeable. The integrated service check indicates when a lamp replacement is necessary. A switch between the deuterium and halogen lamp can easily be pre programmed by the user. With striking simplicity, both lamps can be switched on or off via the software menu. Spectrometers: The ZEEnit 700 P represents a new generation of variable compact tandem spectrometers for flame mode, hydride, HydrEA and graphite furnace technology. It is able to analyze liquid and solid samples in one and the same system. Variable sample introduction technique capable of easily processing both liquids and direct solids making it unique High performance autosampler MPE featuring functions such as intelligent dilution and enrichment makes overnight processing routine and guarantees the highest dosing precision. High sample throughput, variability and efficiency ensured by the dual atomizer concept. Water Double Distilling Apparatus: GFL Water Stills are used in research and development e.g for preparing bacteriological and medical samples, for cell and tissue cultures as well as for the production of reagents and unguents. Moreover, distillate is used for cleaning and sterilisation processes, for buffered solutions as well as microbiological and analytical applications and HPLC too. Compact Process Extraction Systems: Compact Process Extraction System for extracting and neutralising aggressive acid vapours, especially from quantification of nitrogen according to Kjeldahl. The acid vapours pass through two step neutraliser. It is fitted with a vacuum pump (40 l / min). No water connection is required. Steam Distillation Unit: Our Steam Distillation Units are small “all-rounders” in sample preparation. With these devices, proteins, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, volatile acids, ethanol, formaldehyde, etc. can be measured in different samples. A typical field of application is the treatment of subsequent Kjeldahl digestion, by distilling ammonia in an acid receiver. Furthermore, volatile preservatives in canned fish or meat salads are distilled to subsequently carry out a photometric determination. Also steam distillation is used to separate alcohols in spirits (e.g. egg or cream liqueurs) for later quantitaive analysis. Double Beam Spectrophotometer: The generously sized sample compartment is ideal for the quick, easily repeatable addition of reagents and the fast replacement of samples and accessories, even during a measurement process. The light sources are pre-aligned, readily accessible and easily interchangeable. The integrated service check indicates when a lamp replacement is necessary. A switch between the deuterium and halogen lamp can easily be pre programmed by the user. With striking simplicity, both lamps can be switched on or off via the software menu. Sample preparation: TOPwave is a versatile system offering a variety of digestion vessels, fulfilling all requirements of modern applications. The different vessel types are made of a high performance fluoropolymer, which means long lifetime and few consumables. The system works with an innovative sensor concept. All sample temperatures as well as the internal pressures are measured and displayed individually and in real time. Block Digestion Systems: The Standard Kjeldahl Block Digestion System with corrosion-resistant block casing of stainless steel comprises 20 sample positions for standard Kjeldahl digestion vessels of 250 resp. 400 ml. The software nearly guarantees a fully automatic digestion. After an individual cooling and suction program sequence, the lift raises the suction hood and drives it into the final position. Oil Mass Spectometer: The QP2010 provides optimum performance analysis for all GCMS measurements. High-speed GCMS capability and optimum separation are standard with every QP2010. Our GCMS with Lab Solutions software can analyze more unattended samples than any other product. Unique system checking verifies ideal operation. QP2010 and GC-2010 continue the tradition of performance and maintenance simplicity. -Shimadzu trademarks. Moisture Balance Meter: The QP2010 provides optimum performance analysis for all GCMS measurements. High-speed GCMS capability and optimum separation are standard with every QP2010. Our GCMS with Lab Solutions software can analyze more unattended samples than any other product. Unique system checking verifies ideal operation. QP2010 and GC-2010 continue the tradition of performance and maintenance simplicity. -Shimadzu Trademarks. Heat Recover From Diesel: Green Machine produces fuel-free, emission-free power from lowgrade waste heat using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and proprietary tech- nology. The company’s proven, patented twin screw expander enables its heat- to-power generating system to make electricity from waste heat instead of fossil fuel. The Green Machine represents a dramatic change from radial or axial turbine technologies, providing a more cost efficient, robust machine to generate fuel-free and emission-free electricity from a variety of heat sources. Flash Point Tester: The semi-automatic closed cup tester measures the flash point at the lowest temperature at which the application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a sample to ignite. PM4 is suitable for flammability applications on diesel, heating oil, kerosene and other potentially flammable liquids. Rheometers: The new MCR rheometers are based on a concept at the cutting edge of technology. The EC motor technique, the low friction bearing and the patented normal force sensor have been optimized over years to satisfy the highest demands of rheologists. Any type or combination of rheological tests, both in rotational and oscillatory mode, are possible with the MCR rheometers. The modularity of the system allows the integration of a wide range of temperature devices and application specific accessories. The innovative and patented features Toolmaster™, TruGap™ as well as T-Ready™ are breakthroughs in terms of user-friendliness. TruRate™ and TruStrain™ ensure absolute control at any time during rheological tests. Auto Ignition Tester: The auto-ignition temperature tester enables the classification of substances in respect to safety aspects. ZPA 3 measures the tendency of a substance to ignite itself when it comes into contact with a hot object. Besides being suitable for liquids, a special program allows the examination of pasty or solid matter. Prefabricated Labs Quick Lab The quick laboratory is based on very efficient and simple concept of two stock building designed in the raster 7 x 24 meters. Since the whole building in the module is, there is a variety of options to adjust according to the clients needs. The base module provides a complete independent laboratory entity. The expansion module can be docked to the base module. The main module is 1,5 * 1,5 * 0,8 m for the main columns. Concrete desk below has thickness 200 mm. The building is designed on purpose without the basement to shorten the construction time. The building consists of the light loadbearing structure and structure fassade. CRYO lager Mobile Laboratory About: Mobile medical and analytical units provide tailored and custom made solutions for health care and crisis management. Medical care and diagnostic tools can be brought easily wherever they are needed. Operation and training with single and thus identical set of instruments. Remote surveillance and operation enable precise and fast technical support. Technical Specifications: Semi-Trailer-Based (other vehicles possible). Additional floor space provided by optional slide-out compartments. Sensor surveillance of all critical components including lab instruments. Lab section qualified for installation of any standard bench-top instruments. Sample storage based on liquid Nitrogen on board HVAC-system for lab and auxiliary rooms. The vehicle is equipped with its own selfsufficient electrical power supply with a diesel fuel tank enabling standalone operation of the vehicle without the motor tractor for weeks. Cable and hose connection to local supply units are possible. The slide-out compartments nearly doubling the floor space provide the room required for the medical treatment and consultation. The control system allows for the remote surveillance and control of any relevant data of the vehicle ranging from ventilation and air condition to the fuel level of Diesel and water tanks. Redundant power sup- plies enable safe and autonomous service of the unit via landline and built-in power generators as well as multi-modal heating and cooling systems. A minimum of three to four persons (driver / security guard, physi- cian, nurse / medical technician) is required to operate the mobile diagnostic laboratory. Additional study nurses, medical technicians and dedicated security guards can complete the crew to a maximum of six persons on demand. Nutrition Food Packaging Machines Thermoformers: Durable stainless steel construction. Patented hygienic chain guide design. The main module is 1,5 * 1,5 * 0,8 m for the main columns. Concrete desk below has thickness 200 mm. Industry-leading hygienic design. Full wash down (IP 65). Easily accessible machine frame. Tray Sealers: Hygienic stainless steel construction. Semiautomatic operation. Vacuum pump in separate housing, which can be placed up to 3m away. Tool-free access to the interior of the machine. Chamber Machines: Different chamber depths and widths. Chamber lid with different heights. Electric chamber lid hub. Height-adjustable transport conveyors in the chamber. Wide range of sealing systems. Handling Modules: Flexible loading and unloading of packaging machines. High speed and precise. Consistently modular construction with interchangeable gripper system. Compact, space-saving design. Consistent hygienic design. Convergers: For multi-track packaging systems such as thermoformers, we provide a variety of belt systems that can be adapted to the specific needs of your products as well as to the output of your packaging line. In addition our belt systems are suitable for row-by-row discharging of defective packs. Labelling & Printing Equipment: The printers could be used on the entire range of labelling and marking systems, which are equipped with the HMI 2.0 user interface onwards. They are suitable for the direct web printing of packaging film on thermoforming packaging machines and traysealers, as well as for the printing of labels on cross web labellers and conveyor belt labellers. Quality Control & Inspection Systems: Advanced equipment for package inspection and quality control. They operate reliably even at high speeds, allowing them to be inte- grated into high volume production lines. Shrink Equipment: For the production of shrink packs we offer both a semi-automatic shrink tanks and fully automatic shrink tunnels. On all equipment the shrink time can be individually adjusted to deliver optimal and consistent packaging results. Drying Tunnels: In a minimum amount of time, drying tunnels ensure that your shrink packs are dry prior to further processing such as labelling and carton- ing. In the drying process, air jets distribute room temperature air. This ensures that the product and the packaging material are not subject to unnecessary heat exposure. Our drying tunnels are integrated into complete packaging lines with upstream shrink tunnels. Production Plants Water Treatment Water of the highest quality is the basis for the production of many beverages and foodstuffs. Water is not only a constituent part of the product but it is also usually required in the production processes. And only the intended purpose determines all the measures surrounding the treatment of the available water. The wise and economical use of this valuable raw material is becoming ever more important as well. Naturally economic aspects also play an essential role in all your strategies concerning the use of water in the production of your product. Hydronomic MF (Filtration): Media filtration with different types of filter aids for the filtration or adsorption of e.g dirt, flavours, odours, iron, manganese, fluoride, uranium, organics, chlorine, arsenic, etc. Hydronomic UF (Ultra Filtration): Membrane technology in the form of ultrafiltration and microfiltration with hollow fibre filtration in IN/OUT operation. Hydronomic RO (Reverse Osmosis): Membrane technology in the form of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration for desalination with tangential inflow onto a wound membrane module. Cleaning This system offers coherent cleaning processes which ensure trouble-free and microbiologically safe operation of a production line. Whether manually or fully automatic, the cleaning concept is designed to perfectly suit the line components to be cleaned. The individual sizes and their speeds cover all tasks required in a bottle cellar, syrup room, or dairy plant. The required number of tanks can be varied depending on the number of media. The tank size and the number of CIP admission pipes are determined by the size of the line and the individual machines to be cleaned. Possible Cleaning Media: Recovery Water Caustic Acid Hot Water Disinfection Solution Fresh Water Dosing of Cleaning Agent Concentrates: From concentrate container via suction lance Directly from a central chemicals storage From central chemicals storage via day tank Standard: dosing into the tank Option: inline dosing into the piping Thermal Product Treatment Processes aimed at preservation and safe hygienic processes are the key factors in the manufacture of a product. And that applies for all types of beverage: depending on their ingredients, beverages have a low or high microbiological sensitivity, which makes it essential to have a sophisticated system of equipment for sterile procedures in the stages before filling. All these process stages bring you to your most important objective: quality products and a high market share. Temperature Control by Choice: The heating process can be optionally controlled with a precise F-value or temperature control or through flexible PU adjustment. Long Production Times: Aseptic intermediate cleaning with caustic at the product treatment temperature of the heat exchanger can be carried out without any pause in production by the aseptic filler as the filler is supplied by the aseptic buffer tank. Reliable Media Separation: Leakproof aseptic valves and a positive pressure difference are major contributors to high product safety. Product Dearation System The product is introduced into the VarioSpin deaeration module during the thermal treatment. Due to the newly developed swirl infeed, a uni- form product film is immediatelyformed on the containers inside wall when the product flows into the container. This turbulent flowing film enables short diffusion paths for the gas bubbles passing from the product into the gas phase of the container. Thus the entire tank surface can be utilised for the deaeration process. Design Features: Deaeration container without inner components or movable parts. Front-flush arrangement of infeed and discharge on one side of the line. Patented swirl infeed nozzle. Cylindro-conical product infeed. Cylindro-conical product discharge for optimum gas elimination. Compact design in a round pipe frame structure. Reduction of the mixing phases during product change-over by means of individual pump layouts at the container discharge. Fermentation Plants Autoclavable Bioreactors Designed to meet your specific needs, reactors cover a wide range of applica- tions, extending from use as a flexible basic unit for preclinical research to a fully qualified system that complies with the requirements of a validated GMP environ- ment. Typical areas of application include the following: Process Development and Optimization Scale-Up and Scale-Down Studies Seed Expansion Cell Bank Production Protein Supply In-Situ Sterilisable Bioreactors The modular design allows for individual system configuration in order to meet your application-specific requirements, from the basic configuration through to sophisti- cated equipment with e.g. resterilizable addition valve, automatic pressure control, containment sampling, integrated off-gas measurement, and much more. Features & Benefits: Cost-effective integration into existing infrastructure, choice between electro or steam heating for operation and sterilization. Powerful DCU automation platform with newly added functions, e.g “advanced DO controller,” gravimetric feed control and up to four mass flow controllers. Compact, mobile design saves valuable laboratory space. Safe to use due to maintenance-free agitator motor and automatic sequences for sterilization and pressure hold test. Single Use Bioreactors It is ideal for: Mammalian, insect and plant cells cultivations. Low to medium microbial applications. Suspension and adherent cells with micro carriers. Shear-sensitive cells. Process transfer from spinner flask to large scale bioreactor e.g seed cultivation. Production of recombinant proteins, vaccines or biomass. Preclinical trials. Stirred Tank Single-Use Bioreactor It combines the proven, scalable design of glass bioreactors and the fast turnaround of single-use systems. It is compatible with your controller and can be used interchangeably with glass vessels to help you efficiently manage peak workloads despite challenging timelines. The broad range of accessories, such as a heating | cooling jacket, heating blanket, pressure relief unit and dedicated motor adaptors, enables you to connect the UniVessel® SU culture vessel to virtually any brand of bioreactor controller that you already use. Improving Agriculture Producing More In order to feed the world’s growing population, farmers must produce more food in the next fifty years than they have in the past 10,000 years combined. We are working to double yields in our core crops by 2030. These yield gains will come from a combination of advanced plant breeding, biotechnology, and improved farm-management practices. Conserving More To keep up with demand, experts predict we will need 300 million acres of additional farmland brought into crop production by 2030. That’s roughly equal to the current cropland area of the United States and China combined. Agriculture consumes 70 percent of the fresh water withdrawals in the world. In some parts of the developed world, it’s often above 90 percent. As urban areas compete for fresh water and climates shift in the future, the agricultural community and farmers will have to grapple with the demands being placed on this natural resource. Improving Lives In order to be considered sustainable, agriculture has to be improving, while also improving the lives of everyone involved. That means society needs available, affordable, nutritious food, the environment needs to be cared for and farmers around the world have to earn a fair return for their hard work. Incinerators Animal Waste Incinerators Our range of agricultural incinerators are ideal for all types or animal waste. The Addfield range of incinerators are the most robust and efficient Defra approved machines on the market. Ideal For: Poultry Farms Pig Farms Sheep Farms Test Centres Zoos Game Farms Pet Cremation Companies Company Requiring Carcass Disposal Medical Waste Incinerators The Addfield range of bespoke systems for Medical waste incineration have been specifically designed to cleanly and efficiently dispose of categories 0 to 4 of medical, clinical and pathological type red bag waste. Ideal For: Clinical Waste Medical Waste Biological Waste Needle Disposal Sharps Disposal Healthcare Waste Hospital Waste Large Mattresses Mobile Incinerators We offer bespoke mobile incinerators suited for rapid deployment to areas with sudden outbreaks of diseases. This enables the waste to be disposed of in an effective, fast, safe and secure environment. Our range of high capacity mobile incinerators are perfectly placed to any such unfortunate situation. Higher Mobility Good Environmental Aspects Less Duration